What caused the fall of one of the most influential empires in history? - Mostafa Minawi
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John
Anglais
Étudiants universitaires
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Résumé
The fall of the Ottoman Empire was caused by internal inefficiencies, external pressures, and nationalism. Sultan Abdul Hamid II's reign ended amid political upheaval, culminating in World War I and the Armenian Genocide. The empire's defeat led to its division and the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, ending centuries of rule.